Across Peru, Brazil, and Nicaragua in the 1960s through the 1980s, Gustavo Gutiérrez, Leonardo Boff, and Jon Sobrino articulated a theology born of reading Scripture with the poor. On the Nicaraguan archipelago of Solentiname, Ernesto Cardenal gathered a community of campesinos and artists whose collective gospel conversations became the four volumes of The Gospel in Solentiname and a tradition of primitivist painting still practiced today.