In the Peru of the early seventeenth century, less than a century after the Spanish conquest, Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala and a network of indigenous Andean Christian thinkers labored to articulate the faith in Quechua and Aymara categories. Guaman Poma’s 1,189-page First New Chronicle and Good Government, illustrated by his own hand and addressed to the king of Spain, argued for an indigenous Andean Christianity grounded in pre-conquest moral wisdom and indicted the colonial church for its betrayal of the gospel.